In Brazil, investments, derivatives, loans and other financial contracts are often negotiated using as contractual rate (or reference rate) "percentage of CDI". But, what exactly is "percentage of CDI"?
As previously discussed here, CDI is the average rate at which Brazilian banks are willing to borrow/lend to each other for one day. This is the benchmark rate for the BRL domestic market.
"Percentage of CDI" is the discount/premium over the regular CDI rate. For example, when a bank extends a loan to a customer at 120% of the CDI, this means that the cost of this loan is 20% higher than the regular CDI rate. On a deposit transaction at 90% of the CDI, the yield on this investment is 10% lower than the regular CDI.
Negotiating interest rates using "percentage of CDI" is a specificity of the BRL domestic market. Market professionals often say this is related to historical reasons, mostly linked to the super high inflation (and consequently high interest rates) we used to have in the country some decades ago. Since prices and interest rates used to oscillate significantly on a daily (even intraday) basis, negotiating a fixed margin over the benchmark rate was not a reliable metric (imagine a margin of 1% over a rate of 10% and, on the following day, 1% over a rate of 100%). Percentage of CDI provides a return that varies depending on the prevailing interest rate levels, what worked better at that time for investors.
Similarly to the numeric example provided in my last post, the calculation process for "percentage of CDI" starts with the daily compounding of the CDI.
Assuming that we have an investment of 100,000 BRL at 90% of CDI and that the CDI for the first day of the investment period is 11%, then the interests calculation for this first day would be:
Balance of your investment at day one: 100,037.28 BRL
Assuming that CDI for day two is 11,25%, interests calculation should be:
Balance of your investment at day two: 100,075.38 BRL
Interested in more information about the CDI and how financial products using this rate are calculated? Send me an email: mmatsmoto@gmail.com
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